Journal

This journal contribution is to be read in conjunction with the EDAL case summary on ND and NT v Spain.

Introduction :

When ND and NT submitted their application to the European Court of Human Rights in February 2015, the latest Grand Chamber judgment on collective expulsions was Hirsi Jamaa and others v Italy...

1.      Introduction

In recent years, thousands of children in need of international protection have traversed the Mediterranean and entered Europe unauthorised and unaccompanied by a parent or responsible adult. Many enter in the hope of reuniting with family members already residing in Europe, seeking both family reunification and international protection under the...

On 30 March 2017, the European Court of Human Rights handed down a judgment that condemned Greece for non-compliance with its positive obligations stemming from Article 4(2) of the European Convention of Human Rights - no-one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. The Chamber judgment in Chowdury v Greece examines the forced labour of Bangladeshi migrant workers, who were working in the strawberry fields of Manolada.

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Introduction

Return decisions should generally include factually based information on why the decision is being issued. However, under the Return Directive justification of the decision can be limited for reasons of national security (Article 12(1) second sentence). The information contained in such a decision is often provided by the intelligence services of the state and therefore protected by the law. The problem arises when factually based information is not...